1. 简介

• 快速建立产品网络的多机器环境，例如web服务器、db服务器
• 建立一个分布式系统，学习他们是如何交互的
• 测试API和其他组件的通信
• 容灾模拟，网络断网、机器死机、连接超时等情况

Vagrant支持单机模拟多台机器，而且支持一个配置文件Vagrntfile就可以跑分布式系统。

• https://www.vagrantup.com/

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2. 常用命令

2.1. machine管理

$ vagrant init      # 初始化，生成Vagrantfile，可指定box
$ vagrant up        # 启动虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant halt      # 关闭虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant reload    # 重启虚拟机，并重新加载配置参数，可指定machine
$ vagrant ssh       # SSH 至虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant suspend   # 挂起虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant resume    # 唤醒虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant status    # 查看虚拟机运行状态，可指定machine
$ vagrant destroy   # 销毁当前虚拟机，可指定machine
$ vagrant suspend   # 挂起当前的虚拟机
$ vagrant resume    # 恢复前面被挂起的状态

2.2. box管理

$ vagrant box list    # 查看本地box列表
$ vagrant box add     # 添加box到列表
$ vagrant box remove  # 从box列表移除 

2.3. machine与box转换

$ vagrant package        # 对指定machine打包成box
$ vagrant box repackage  # 对指定box重新打包成box，该box的machine会被halt

• 对指定machine打包，在当前目录生成web.box

$ vagrant package --output web.box web
==> web: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> web: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> web: Exporting VM...
==> web: Compressing package to: /home/kevin/learn/vagrant/test-cluster1/web.box

• 对指定box重新打包，在当前目录生成package.box

$ vagrant box repackage <name> <provider> <version>

2.4. 快照管理

后续补充

3. Vagrant File

• 示例，创建两个machine

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  config.vm.define "web" do |web|
    # web.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/1604"
    web.vm.box_url = "file:///home/kevin/learn/vagrant/xenial-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box"
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
      v.gui = false
      v.name = "ubuntu-0"
      v.cpus = "1"
      v.memory = "2048"
    end
  end

  config.vm.define "db" do |db|
    # db.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/1604"
    db.vm.box_url = "file:///home/kevin/learn/vagrant/xenial-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box"
    db.vm.hostname = "db"
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"
    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
      v.gui = false
      v.name = "ubuntu-1"
      v.cpus = "1"
      v.memory = "2048"
    end
  end
end

• 示例，循环创建3个node

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  (1..3).each do |i|
    config.vm.define "node-#{i}" do |node|
      node.vm.box = "ubuntu/1804"
      node.vm.box_url = "file:///home/shuzhang/Public/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box"
      node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}"
      node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.#{i}"
      node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
        v.gui = false
        v.name = "ubuntu-#{i}"
        v.cpus = "1"
        v.memory = "2048"
      end
    end
  end
end

4. docs

• 运行多个vagrant主机
  http://blog.51cto.com/peach3412
• 官方doc
  https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/vagrantfile/tips.html
• 使用vagrant snapshot创建快照备份
  http://blog.huatai.me/2015/12/03/use-vagrant-snapshot-create-backup/
• ubuntu的vagrant box下载目录，可以手动下载16.04
  http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/