Gorillas are very social animals——up to a point. Crowded areas can make silverbacks more violent.
Silverbacks are adult male mountain gorillas that often have a white area across their backs. They are the leaders of gorilla families.
Mountain gorillas are genetically similar to humans. The .large animals spend most of their time sleeping, eating, and cleaning each other. They are mostly peaceful creatures.
They live in parts of Uganda, the democratic republic of Congo, and Rwanda.
Researchers recently studied 50 years of data from Rwanda. They found that as the number of gorilla family groups increased, so too did the of violent fights between them. Most often, silverbacks led the fights.
Some gorillas died, especially infants, or babies. These deaths, in turn, slowed population growth.
Males will fight to protect the females and infants in their group, and to acquire new females, scientists said,
The study found that the amount of fighting was not a result of the total number of individuals in an area. What was important was the number of family groups in an area.
Since the 1960s, mountain gorillas have been carefully studied and protected in central Africa. These animals almost died off in the 1970s. the population has since grown to just over 1,000 animals.
Rarely do we think about how an animal’s behavior and social structure can influence population size., scientists said. He added, but it turns out we should, especially for social animals like gorillas.
While in Rwanda, scientists said they saw changes in gorilla behavior beginning about 2007. Around that time, three large family groups broke into many smaller family groups.
The gorilla population grew and families spread out.
There were about 10 family groups in the study area. The number of fights between them increased by three times. The number of infant deaths increased by five times. The population growth fell by half.
The large family groups likely broke apartafter the deaths of important silverback leaders, scientists said.
When these ‘elder statesman’ gorillas gotolder and died, the younger males weren’t able to keep the groups together, scientistssaid.
The study was based on data from about 400 gorillas in Rwanda between 1968 and 2017.
