day12Mycat我的猫

分布式数据库架构-Mycat

1.分布式解决方案
Alibaba cobar
Mycat ----> 爱可生 DBLE
TDDL ----> DRDS
Heisenberg ---> 百度
Oceanus ---> 58
Vitess --->
OneProxy
阿里云 DRDS
腾讯 TDSQL

  1. 分布式策略介绍
  2. mycat安装及配置文件介绍
    3.1 预先安装java运行环境
    yum install -y java
    3.2下载
    Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
    http://dl.mycat.io/

3.3 解压文件

tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

3.4 软件目录结构

ls
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt

3.5 启动和连接

配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
启动
mycat start
连接mycat:
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066

3.6 配置文件介绍

logs目录:
wrapper.log ---->mycat启动日志
mycat.log ---->mycat详细工作日志
conf目录:
schema.xml
主配置文件的功能作用
读写分离,高可用,分布式策略定制,节点控制
server.xml
mycat 软件本身相关的配置
rule.xml :分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表,使用方法等

4.0mycat的基础功能

4.0 schema.xml配置文件介绍

db01,db02设置mycat的管理用户
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
grant all on . to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
grant all on . to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
[root@db01 /usr/local/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
===================文件头========================
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
====================================
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

4.1 Mycat 读写分离功能配置

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
mycat restart

4.2 Mycat 读写分离+高可用

[root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
测试:
读写分离:
mysql> select @@server_id;
mysql> begin; select @@server_id;commit;

4.3 自带配置信息介绍

balance属性:
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种:

  1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
  2. balance="1",全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡,简单的说,
  3. balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。

writeType属性
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有2种:

  1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost
  2. writeType="1",所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost,但不推荐使用

switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换
1 默认值,自动切换
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换,心跳语句为 show slave status

datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">

maxCon="1000":最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" :mycat在启动之后,会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程

tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时(1个writehost,1个readhost时),可以开启这个参数,如果2个writehost,2个readhost时

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳

5. Mycat的核心分片技术

5.1 Mycat 的垂直分表
  既将逻辑库中其中一张表单独取出作为mycat的另一个节点,做分布式读写操作减轻大表压力具体配置如下:
  mv  schema.xml  schema.xml.ha 
  vim schema.xml
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
  <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
  <schema name="oldguo" checkSQLschema="false"         sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
          <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
          <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
        </schema>
      <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1"       database=       "taobao" />
        <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000"       minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"        dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
            <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307"   user="root" password="123">
            <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309"       user="root" password="123" />
            </writeHost>
            <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
      <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
      </writeHost>
  </dataHost>
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
  <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
  <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
    <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
    <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
    <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
    </writeHost>
  </dataHost>

  </mycat:schema>
测试
  创建测试库和表:
   mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database       taobao charset utf8;"
   mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database           taobao charset utf8;"
   mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create       table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
   mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create       table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"

  测试:

  后端节点查看:

  [root@db01 /usr/local/mycat/conf]# mysql -S     /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;"
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_taobao |
  +------------------+
  | user             |
  +------------------+
  [root@db01 /usr/local/mycat/conf]# mysql -S       /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;"
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_taobao |
  +------------------+
  | order_t          |
  +------------------+
  [root@db01 /usr/local/mycat/conf]# 

  登录mycat查看现象:

  [root@db01 /usr/local/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
  mysql> show tables;
  +------------------+
  | Tables_in_taobao |
  +------------------+
  | order_t          |
  | user             |
  +------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6. 水平分布表之水平切片技术

比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多,2000w(1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2)
(2)访问非常频繁,用户访问较离散
可设计t3表水平切片,调用rule规则中函数可选(平均策略range,取模分片mod-long,枚举,自定义)

6.1 range分片策略应用配置
  vim schema.xml
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
  <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
  <schema name="oldguo" checkSQLschema="false"       sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
    <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
    <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
    <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
  </schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
        <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
        <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
        <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>

  </mycat:schema>

查看:
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns> (规则列明)
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>

<function name="rang-long" (函数)
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>(auto.txt文件时函数参数可自定义在cong目录创建)
</function>

===================================
vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
10-20=1

创建测试表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

测试:
重启mycat

mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
use TSETDB
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');

6.2 取模分片mod-long
  取余分片方式:分片键(一个列)与节点数量进行取余,      得到余数,将数据写入对应节点
  vim schema.xml
  添加:
  <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />

  vim rule.xml
  <property name="count">2</property>


  创建测试表:
  mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name   varchar(20) not null);"
  mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

  重启mycat 
  mycat restart 

  测试: 
  mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
  use TESTDB
  insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
  insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
  insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
  insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
  分别登录后端节点查询数据
  mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
  mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
6.3 枚举分片
  t5 表
  id  name telnum
  1   bj   1212
  2   sh   22222
  3   bj   3333
  4   sh   44444
  5   bj   5555
  sharding-by-intfile
  vim schema.xml
  <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-      intfile" />
  vim rule.xml
  <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> 
  <rule> <columns>name</columns> 
  <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> 
  </rule> 
  </tableRule> 

  <function name="hash-int"       class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> 
  <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-    int.txt</property> 
    <property name="type">1</property>
            <property name="defaultNode">0</property>
  </function> 

  partition-hash-int.txt 配置: 
  bj=0 
  sh=1
  DEFAULT_NODE=1 

  columns 标识将要分片的表字段,algorithm 分片函数, 其      中分片函数配置中,mapFile标识配置文件名称

  准备测试环境
  mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name     varchar(20) not null);"

  mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

  重启mycat 
  mycat restart 
  mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
  use TESTDB
  insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
  insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
  insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
  insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
  insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
  分别登录后端节点查询数据
  mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
  mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
6.4 Mycat全局表
  a   b   c  d   .....
  join 
  t 

  select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
  join t 
  select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
  join t 
  select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
  join t 

  使用场景:
  如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典,比如配置文件的配      置,
  常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表,这些表往往不是特别大,
  而且大部分的业务场景都会用到,那么这种表适合于Mycat      全局表,无须对数据进行切分,
  要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可,Mycat 在Join操作中,业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join,
  避免跨库Join,在进行数据插入操作时,mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行,在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。 

  vim schema.xml 
  <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id"  type="global"       dataNode="sh1,sh2" /> 

  后端数据准备
  mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
  use taobao
  create table t_area (id int not null primary key       auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);

  mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
  use taobao
  create table t_area  (id int not null primary key       auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);

  重启mycat 
  mycat restart 

  测试: 
  mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066

  use TESTDB
  insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
  insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
  insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
  insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
6.5 E-R分片介绍
  A 
  join 
  B  
  为了防止跨分片join,可以使用E-R模式
  A   join   B
  on  a.xx=b.yy

  join C
  on A.id=C.id
  <table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> 
   <childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" /> 
  </table> 
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