一、类的本质
在《OC底层原理04-对象的本质》那篇文章中,我们讲到了如何将.m文件编译成.cpp文件查看底层结构,这里就不作过多赘述
1.1 在cpp文件找查找Class的定义
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
- 在
main.cpp中,找到了底层关于Class的定义,类是一个objc_class类型的结构体
1.2 接着进入objc4源码查找objc_class,源码相关可以查阅《OC底层原理02-iOS_objc4-781.2 最新源码编译调试》
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA;
Class superclass;
cache_t cache; // formerly cache pointer and vtable
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() const {
return bits.data();
}
//: 由于代码量过大,这里只展示关键代码,源码请自行查阅
}
-
objc_class是一个结构体,所以进一步再次说明类也是一个结构体 -
objc_class继承于objc_object,类也是对象,万物皆对象 -
objc_class继承了objc_object的isa属性,所以类的地址第一位仍然存的是isa -
superclass:objc_object类型的结构体指针 -
cache:缓存 -
bits:存储属性,实例方法,协议
总结:类的本质是一个
objc_class类型的结构体
二、 探索objc_class中的bits
类不能像对象那样直接断点调试打印,只有先从源码入手,分析源码,并且引入二种分析方法:
-
地址平移:通过首地址+前面属性所占内存,平移到我们需要的存储属性(bits)的内存地址处 (文章结尾拓展有讲到) -
*():输出指针类型的对象
2.1 通过阅读源码定位bits内存地址
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA;
Class superclass;
cache_t cache; // formerly cache pointer and vtable
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() const {
return bits.data();
}
//: 由于代码量过大,这里只展示关键代码,源码请自行查阅
}
2.1.1 第一位属性:isa 的内存大小
- 由于
objc_class继承于objc_object,继承属性isa,占8字节
2.1.2 第二位属性:superclass 的内存大小
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
-
Class是一个objc_class的结构体,superclass是Class的指针,结构体指针大小为8,指向NSObject类,占8字节
2.1.3 第三位属性:cache 的内存大小
struct cache_t {
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_OUTLINED
explicit_atomic<struct bucket_t *> _buckets;
explicit_atomic<mask_t> _mask;
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _maskAndBuckets;
mask_t _mask_unused;
#if __LP64__
uint16_t _flags;
#endif
uint16_t _occupied;
//: 由于代码量过大,这里只展示关键代码,源码请自行查阅
-
cache_t结构体中有大量static类型的方法和变量,还有大量其他方法。 -
static申明的变量和方法不计入结构体内存,不会存在结构体中。 -
方法也不会存在结构体中,也不计入结构体内存 -
cache_t大小由_buckets、_mask、_flags、_occupied来决定 -
_buckets是一个结构体指针<struct bucket_t *>,占8字节 -
_mask源码声明:typedef uint32_t mask_t,uint32_t源码声明:typedef unsigned int uint32_t,占4字节 -
_flags和_occupied都是uint16_t,uint16_t源码声明:typedef unsigned short uint16_t,各占2字节 - 所以计算出
cache占16字节,8+4+2+2
2.1.4 结论
- 只要把
GomuPerson首地址平移32位(isa[8位]+superclasss[8位]+ cache[16位]),就能拿到研究对象bits的指针地址
2.2 通过lldb调试拿到bits中的方法、属性、协议
2.2.2 准备工作
GomuPerson.h
@protocol TestProtocol <NSObject>
@end
@interface GomuPerson : NSObject
{
NSString *hobby;
}
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *sex;
- (void)sayNO;
+ (void)sayLove;
GomuPerson.m
- (void)sayNO{}
+ (void)sayLove{}
- 在
objc4工程中创建类GomuPerson - 在
GomuPerson.h中创建属性name,sex,协议TestProtocol,实例属性hobby,实例方法sayNO,类方法sayLove - 在
GomuPerson.m中实现实例方法sayNO、类方法sayLove
2.2.2 获取类GomuPerson的首地址
//: 方法一
(lldb) p/x GomuPerson.class
(Class) $0 = 0x0000000100002320 GomuPerson
//: 得到地址 `0x0000000100002488 `
//: 方法二
(lldb) x/4gx person
0x1010297b0: 0x001d800100002325 0x0000000000000000
0x1010297c0: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) p/x 0x001d800100002325 & 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
(unsigned long long) $2 = 0x0000000100002320
//: 得到地址 `0x0000000100002320 `
- 得到
GomuPerson的首地址0x0000000100002320
2.2.2 把GomuPerson的首地址平移32位
(lldb) p/x 0x0000000100002320 + 32
(long) $3 = 0x0000000100002340
- 得到
bits的地址0x0000000100002340
2.2.3 根据源码拿到bits.data()
//: 源码
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() const {
return bits.data();
}
//: lldb拿data()
//: 强转(class_data_bits_t *)类型
(lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)$3
(class_data_bits_t *) $4 = 0x0000000100002340
//: 取出data(),指针取值用->
(lldb) p $4->data()
(class_rw_t *) $5 = 0x00000001006b0460
//: 去指针化
(lldb) p *($5)
(class_rw_t) $6 = {
flags = 2148007936
witness = 0
ro_or_rw_ext = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 4294975768
}
firstSubclass = nil //: 子类
nextSiblingClass = NSUUID
}
2.2.4 在源码中查看class_rw_t
struct class_rw_t {
//: 由于代码量过大,这里只展示关键代码,源码请自行查阅
//: 获取ro()
const class_ro_t *ro() const {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (slowpath(v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>())) {
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->ro;
}
return v.get<const class_ro_t *>();
}
//: 获取方法
const method_array_t methods() const {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->methods;
} else {
return method_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseMethods()};
}
}
// 获取属性
const property_array_t properties() const {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->properties;
} else {
return property_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProperties};
}
}
// 获取协议
const protocol_array_t protocols() const {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->protocols;
} else {
return protocol_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProtocols};
}
}
}
- 在
class_rw_t源码中,找到methods()、properties()、protocols()
2.2.5 获取方法列表methods()中存的方法
//: 获取methods()
(lldb) p $6.methods()
(const method_array_t) $7 = {
list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000100002160
arrayAndFlag = 4294975840
}
}
}
//: 获取methods()中的list
(lldb) p $7.list
(method_list_t *const) $8 = 0x0000000100002160
//: 去指针化
(lldb) p *($8)
(method_list_t) $9 = {
entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 26
count = 6
first = {
name = "sayNO"
types = 0x0000000100000f4c "v16@0:8"
imp = 0x0000000100000da0 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson sayNO])
}
}
}
// count = 6 ,我们打印一下这6个元素
(lldb) p $9.get(0)
(method_t) $10 = {
name = "sayNO"
types = 0x0000000100000f4c "v16@0:8"
//: 拿到 sayNO
imp = 0x0000000100000da0 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson sayNO])
}
(lldb) p $9.get(1)
(method_t) $11 = {
name = "sex"
types = 0x0000000100000f60 "@16@0:8"
//: 系统自动生成get方法
imp = 0x0000000100000e00 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson sex])
}
(lldb) p $9.get(2)
(method_t) $12 = {
name = "setSex:"
types = 0x0000000100000f68 "v24@0:8@16"
//: 系统自动生成set方法
imp = 0x0000000100000e20 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson setSex:])
}
(lldb) p $9.get(3)
(method_t) $13 = {
name = ".cxx_destruct"
types = 0x0000000100000f4c "v16@0:8"
//: 系统自动生成c++函数
imp = 0x0000000100000e50 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson .cxx_destruct])
}
(lldb) p $9.get(4)
(method_t) $14 = {
name = "name"
types = 0x0000000100000f60 "@16@0:8"
//: 系统自动生成get方法
imp = 0x0000000100000db0 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson name])
}
(lldb) p $9.get(5)
(method_t) $15 = {
name = "setName:"
types = 0x0000000100000f68 "v24@0:8@16"
//: 系统自动生成set方法
imp = 0x0000000100000dd0 (GomuTest`-[GomuPerson setName:])
}
-
实例方法(sayNo)确定存在bits里面 - 除了我们自定义的
实例方法,系统在编译中自动帮我们实现了属性的get、set方法([GomuPerson sex]、[GomuPerson setSex:]、[GomuPerson name]、[GomuPerson name]) - 除此之外,系统还实现了
.cxx_destruct,c++的方法,因为OC是底层是封装的c++,所以会默认添加 - 类方法
sayLove没有存在bits里 - 系统在编译中没有给
实例属性hobby生成get、set方法
2.2.6 获取属性列表properties()中存的属性
//: 获取properties()
(lldb) p $6.properties()
(const property_array_t) $16 = {
list_array_tt<property_t, property_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000100002260
arrayAndFlag = 4294976096
}
}
}
//: 获取properties()中的list
(lldb) p $16.list
(property_list_t *const) $17 = 0x0000000100002260
//: 去指针化
(lldb) p *($17)
(property_list_t) $18 = {
entsize_list_tt<property_t, property_list_t, 0> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 16
count = 2
first = (name = "name", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",&,N,V_name")
}
}
// count = 2 ,我们打印一下这2个元素
(lldb) p $18.get(0)
(property_t) $19 = (name = "name", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",&,N,V_name")
(lldb) p $18.get(1)
(property_t) $20 = (name = "sex", attributes = "T@\"NSString\",&,N,V_sex")
(lldb)
-
properties()中只存了属性name,sex。 - 实例属性
hobby没有存在properties()中
2.2.7 获取协议列表protocols()中存的协议
(lldb) p $6.protocols()
(const protocol_array_t) $7 = {
list_array_tt<unsigned long, protocol_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
(lldb) p $7.list
(protocol_list_t *const) $6 = 0x0000000000000000
//: $6 是个空,全为0
-
协议也没有存在protocols中
2.3 探索实例属性、类方法、协议存在哪
2.3.1 实例属性存储探索
//: 拿到`GomuPerson`首地址
(lldb) p/x GomuPerson.class
(Class) $0 = 0x0000000100002320 GomuPerson
//: 地址平移32位
(lldb) p/x 0x0000000100002320 + 32
(long) $1 = 0x0000000100002340
//: 强转成(class_data_bits_t *)类型
(lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)$1
(class_data_bits_t *) $2 = 0x0000000100002340
//: 取data()
(lldb) p $2->data()
(class_rw_t *) $3 = 0x00000001007646a0
// 去指针化
(lldb) p *($3)
(class_rw_t) $4 = {
flags = 2148007936
witness = 0
ro_or_rw_ext = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 4294975768
}
firstSubclass = nil
nextSiblingClass = NSUUID
}
// 拿到ro(),同上面的`methods()`
(lldb) p $4.ro()
(const class_ro_t *) $5 = 0x0000000100002118
// 去指针化
(lldb) p *$5
(const class_ro_t) $6 = {
flags = 388
instanceStart = 8
instanceSize = 32
reserved = 0
ivarLayout = 0x0000000100000f03 "\x03"
name = 0x0000000100000ef8 "GomuPerson"
baseMethodList = 0x0000000100002160
baseProtocols = 0x0000000000000000
ivars = 0x00000001000021f8
weakIvarLayout = 0x0000000000000000
baseProperties = 0x0000000100002260
_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE = {}
}
//: 拿到ivars
(lldb) p $6.ivars
(const ivar_list_t *const) $7 = 0x00000001000021f8
//: 去指针化
(lldb) p *$7
(const ivar_list_t) $8 = {
entsize_list_tt<ivar_t, ivar_list_t, 0> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 32
count = 3
first = {
offset = 0x0000000100002290
name = 0x0000000100000f0d "hobby"
type = 0x0000000100000f54 "@\"NSString\""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
}
}
// 由于 ivar_list_t 是一个数组,所以直接get
(lldb) p $8.get(0)
(ivar_t) $9 = {
offset = 0x0000000100002290
//: 找到实例属性`hobby `
name = 0x0000000100000f0d "hobby"
type = 0x0000000100000f54 "@\"NSString\""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
(lldb) p $8.get(1)
(ivar_t) $10 = {
offset = 0x0000000100002298
//: 系统自动给属性生成`_name `实例属性
name = 0x0000000100000f13 "_name"
type = 0x0000000100000f54 "@\"NSString\""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
(lldb) p $8.get(2)
(ivar_t) $11 = {
offset = 0x00000001000022a0
//: 系统自动给属性生成`_sex`实例属性
name = 0x0000000100000f19 "_sex"
type = 0x0000000100000f54 "@\"NSString\""
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
- 实例属性
hobby存在ro中 - 系统在编译中还是给属性自动生成实例属性
_name、_sex
2.3.2 类方法存储探索
2.3.2.1 查看源码
struct category_t {
const char *name;
classref_t cls;
struct method_list_t *instanceMethods;
struct method_list_t *classMethods;
struct protocol_list_t *protocols;
struct property_list_t *instanceProperties;
// Fields below this point are not always present on disk.
struct property_list_t *_classProperties;
method_list_t *methodsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
if (isMeta) return classMethods;
else return instanceMethods;
}
property_list_t *propertiesForMeta(bool isMeta, struct header_info *hi);
protocol_list_t *protocolsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
if (isMeta) return nullptr;
else return protocols;
}
};
-
instanceMethods和classMethods都是method_list_t类型 - 发现
methodsForMeta这个方法,如果是元类,则返回类方法列表,如果不是元类,则返回实例方法列表 - 猜想,
类方法存在元类中
2.3.2.1 通过lldb调试元类,验证猜想
//: 拿到`GomuPerson`内存地址
(lldb) x/4gx GomuPerson.class
0x100002320: 0x00000001000022f8 0x0000000100334140
0x100002330: 0x000000010032e410 0x0000802c00000000
//: isa & mask
(lldb) p/x 0x00000001000022f8 & 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
(unsigned long long) $1 = 0x00000001000022f8
//: 打印$1,GomuPerson的元类还是GomuPerson类型
(lldb) po $1
GomuPerson
//: 平移32位
(lldb) p/x $1 + 32
(unsigned long long) $2 = 0x0000000100002318
//: 强转成(class_data_bits_t *)类型
(lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)$2
(class_data_bits_t *) $3 = 0x0000000100002318
//: 取data()
(lldb) p $3->data()
(class_rw_t *) $4 = 0x000000010104bee0
//: 去指针化
(lldb) p *$4
(class_rw_t) $5 = {
flags = 2684878849
witness = 1
ro_or_rw_ext = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 4294975664
}
firstSubclass = nil
nextSiblingClass = 0x00007fff8c84bc60
}
//: 拿到methods()
(lldb) p $5.methods()
(const method_array_t) $6 = {
list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x00000001000020f8
arrayAndFlag = 4294975736
}
}
}
//: 取出methods()里面的list
(lldb) p $6.list
(method_list_t *const) $7 = 0x00000001000020f8
(lldb) p *$7
(method_list_t) $8 = {
entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 3> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 26
count = 1
first = {
name = "sayLove"
types = 0x0000000100000f4c "v16@0:8"
//: 找到类方法sayLove
imp = 0x0000000100000d90 (GomuTest`+[GomuPerson sayLove])
}
}
}
2.3.3 协议的存储探索
暂时没探索到,后面找机会补起
三、拓展知识
3.1 内存平移
3.1.1 普通指针
int num1 = 20;
int num2 = 20;
int num3 = 20;
NSLog(@"%d---%p",num1,&num1);
NSLog(@"%d---%p",num2,&num2);
NSLog(@"%d---%p",num3,&num3);
//: 打印
20---0x7ffeefbff57c
20---0x7ffeefbff580
20---0x7ffeefbff584
-
num1、num2、num3都指向10,这个10系统编译中就已经存到了某段内存中,num1、num2、num3的地址却不一样,这就叫值拷贝,也叫浅拷贝 -
num1、num2、num3地址之间相差4字节,内存连续 -
如下图
image.png
3.1.2 对象指针
GomuPerson *person1 = [GomuPerson alloc];
GomuPerson *person2 = [GomuPerson alloc];
GomuPerson *person3 = [GomuPerson alloc];
NSLog(@"%p---%p",person1,&person1);
NSLog(@"%p---%p",person2,&person2);
NSLog(@"%p---%p",person3,&person3);
//: 打印
0x102230b50---0x7ffeefbff570
0x102234b00---0x7ffeefbff578
0x102234b20---0x7ffeefbff580
-
person1、person2、person3是指针,指向各自[GomuPerson alloc]开辟的内存,&person1、&person2、&person3是指向person1、person2、person3对象指针的地址,这个指针就是二级指针 -
如下图
image.png
3.1.3 数组指针
int arr[4] = {1,2,3,4};
int *d = arr;
NSLog(@"%p -- %p - %p", &arr, &arr[0], &arr[1]);
NSLog(@"%p -- %p - %p", d, d+1, d+2);
//: 打印
0x7ffeefbff570 -- 0x7ffeefbff570 - 0x7ffeefbff574
0x7ffeefbff570 -- 0x7ffeefbff574 - 0x7ffeefbff578
-
&arr、&arr[0]、d都是取的第一个地址,说明数组的首地址就是第一个元素的地址 - 通过地址平移
d+1,我们取到了arr[1],数组指针地址平移,按照数组下标平移,内存中就是按照元素类型所占内存进行平移,0x7ffeefbff574->0x7ffeefbff578,因为是int类型所以平移4 - 依次类推,结构体中也可以用
地址平移的方式去拿不能直接拿到的属性


