练习资料：
Lesson 51 Reward for virtue
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
任务配置：L0+L4
学习笔记: virtue diet hid embarrassed
★reward n. 报偿；v. 给奖赏
give sb. reward 给……报偿
reward sb. with sth. 用……奖赏...
reward sb. for sth. 因为……给某人奖赏
…reward him for the first prize
★virtue n. 美德
strongpoints n. 长处， merit n. 优点
shortpoints n. 短处， weak points 弱点
★diet n. 节食
go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食
★forbid（forbade，forbidden） v.禁止
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v. 使尴尬
sth. embarrass sb. ……让……感到尴尬
You embarrassed me. 你让我感到尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬
embarrassment n. 尴尬
To my embarrassment，… 让我感到尴尬的是……
★guiltily adv. 内疚地
guiltily conscience 问心有愧
clear conscience 问心无愧
★strict adj. 严格的
be strict with sb. 对某人严格
My father is strict with me.
be strict in sth. 对……严格
★occasionally adv. 偶而地
on the occasion 偶尔， sometimes 偶尔 ，at times 偶尔
off and on 偶尔 ， now and again 偶尔
【课文讲解】
1、My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. things（要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：
You’re surely made things worse.
How are things going on with you?
get 作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：
I got interested in French.
diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“ 规 定 饮 食 ” 时 通 常 与 on连用：
The doctor put him on a strict diet. 医生让他严格控制饮食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
2、First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
first of all 首先, 首要 (许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的)
First of all I must see your passpart.
at first 首先（句型at first…, then… 起先……然后……)
write out 写出，（正式）写，全部写出
You should werite out a report.
3、The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.
most of… 大部分……
includ 和 contain 都有“包含”的意思，但 contain 可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include 则只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面装，include 则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。
It included three bags of sweets.
Does the bill include a tip?
We’re including you in our team.
4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.
pay sb. a visit 拜访某人
Pay you a visit.
pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜访某人/某地.
call up sb./at someplace 拜访某人/某地
have a visit＝visit
5、I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
as…as ever 像往常一样，照旧，依然
as clean as ever；as quiet as ever
be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.
6、He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
lead sb. into(进门)； show sb. out(出门)； see sb. off(送行)
7、It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
obviously <adv.> ＝ it was obvious that…(it 为形式主语) 显然……
【Letter writing】
如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信, 应按如下方式开头：亲爱的布朗先生，亲爱的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号。对对方熟悉, 但是为了表示一种尊重, 也可这么写。
写信开头：你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比尔(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校长(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓)。 在不知道对方性别姓名时 : 如应聘信开头 Dear Sir/Madam,
【Key structures】
一般过去时
与一般过去时常用的两个词是once 和recently，recently在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成时连用。
一般过去时可以用于时间状语从句中，一般过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。
【Special difficulties】
Raise and Rise.
rais作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起，往上提，使……升高”等含义：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
Why did they raise prices?
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.
rise作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含义：
You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen!
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
Lay and Lie.
lay（laid，laid） vt. 置，搁，铺，准备
I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.
If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
lie（lay，lain） vi. 躺，平卧
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
Beat and Win.
beat vt. 打败，战胜，胜过，超过
They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
I beat you. 我打败了你。
表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。
win vt. 在……获胜（成功），赢得，获得，夺得
Who won the race/ the war?
beat后面接对手，win不能接对手。
练习感悟：啊啊啊，一秒要杀了我了。最后还是差了一秒，明天继续！
