Weight loss.Both groups lost a significant amount of weight. Participants in the paleo group lost an average of 11 pounds (5 kg). Those following the Mediterranean diet lost 8.4 pounds (3.8 kg), on average. The loss was significant in both groups, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.
Waist circumference.The paleo diet group experienced a 2.2-inch (5.6-cm) reduction in waist circumference, on average, compared with 1.1 inches (2.9 cm) in the Mediterranean diet group. The difference was statistically significant.
